Motor



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. MOTORIVA Nog 441,696. Patented Dec.- 2, 1,890.

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MOTOR.

Patented Deo. 2,41890f v. llllllil'lll Y Inv/mr Wine/ffm# :ns cu., moro-muc., wnsumsrou, u. t:V

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN A. PEER, OF BROOKLYN, NF.r YORK.

MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 441,696, dated December 2, 1890.

Serial No. 262,560. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom. it may concern.-

Be it known that, I, JOHN A. PEER, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of Newr York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My improvement relates to motors in which power is developed by the explosion of gases.

I will describe a motor embodying my improvement in detail, and then point out the novel features in claims. 2

I n the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side 4elevation of a motor embodying my improvement, shown partly in section. Fig. 2 1s a vertical section of the same, taken on the plane of the line 1; no, Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrow, same gure. Fig. 31s a plan or top view thereof. Fig. 4 isa horizontal section taken on the plane of the lme y y, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 isa detail showing in plan and vertical section the arrangement of certain outlets from a combustion-chamber. F1g. 6 is a detail showing in plan and vertical section certain motor-wheels. Fig. 7 is a bot-L tom view of the same. Fig. S is a side View of the same.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

A designates an explosion-chamber. As shown, this chamber is cylindrical, its side wall being formed by a cylindrical metal bushingA. This bushing, if used, willpreferably be made ofbronze. It tits snugly in a cylindrical passage a., extending centrally through a portion B of a shell B B. The explosionchamber A is not, as shown, permanently closed at either end. A piston a', arranged in the passage n, normally closes the upper end of said chamber.` This piston is maintained in position with a yielding pressure by means of acoil-spring a2 abutting at one end against said piston and at the other against a plate as, secured to the plate A2. Preferably the piston a and the plate a3 will be pro'- vided with recesses to receive the ends of the spring. The piston constitutes, in effect, a yielding end to the explosion-chamber, and its object is to compensate for any undue expansion due to explosions occurring in. the chamber. The plate A2 is secured to the upper end of the portion B of the shell B B by let-nozzle D. The shaftl C may rotate freelyv in the apertures in the nozzle D, the piston a', and pla-tes a3 A2. Said nozzle and piston maybe providedwith suitable stuffing-boxes, if desired. The loutlet-nozzle D is arranged within a suitably-shaped recess formed in the portion B of the shell at the lower end thereof,

and is secured from turning therein by any suitable means. Said nozzle is preferably made in the shape of the frusturn of a cone, and I have so shown it; but it need not necessarilybe so shaped. A number of passages c2 extend through the nozzle from end to end. These passages extend at a transverse angle to the vertical axis of the cone, as is more clearly shown in Fig. 5, and will preferably have a gradually-decreasing diameter from their upper to their lower ends. The tendency 1 of the force of explosions within the explosion-chamber is downwardly through the passage c2. n

D designates a motor-wheel. This wheel is keyed rigidly on the shaft C and is cylin.- v

drical. It has a central body portion cl, and is provided circumferentially with spirallyextending blades orvbuckets d. (See more particularly Fig. S.) The direction of longitudinal extension of the blades or buckets d is contrary to that of the passages c2 in the nozzle D. These blades or buckets will also preferably be horizontally curved, as shown more particularly in Figs. 6 and 7. The force of the explosions occurring in the chamberA passes downwardly through the passages c2 and strikes the blades or buckets d angularly, cansin g the wheel D to rotate, and with it the shaft O. Rigidly keyed to a sleeve E, surrounding/the shaft O, is another motor-wheel D2. This wheel is directly below the wheel IOO in the portion B of the shell and opening` into D. The wheel D2 is, as shown, in the shape of the frustum of a cone with an inverted base. It has a central body portion e, and is pro` vided circumferentially with spirally-extending blades or buckets e. These buckets are shown as of gradually-lessening projection from their upper to their lower ends. The direction of longitudinal extension of the blades or buckets e is contrary to that of the blades or buckets d on the wheel D. The wheels D D2 are arranged and rotate in a suitable recess in the portion B of the shell B B. The force of the explosions after, operating upon the wheel D', isdeliected angularly against the blades or buckets e on the wheel D2, causing the latter to rotate, and with it the sleeve E. The Vdirection of rotation of the wheelD2 and sleeve E is contrary to that of the wheel D and shaft C.

F designates an exhaust-'aperture formed an, exhaust-chamber F', formed in said portion of the shell below the wheel D2.

The shaft C near its lower end extends through a suitable bearing f, and is stepped below the bed or base plate of the machine in a step-bearing f. Keyed to the shaft C a short distance above the bed-plate is a bevel gear-wheel G. The sleeve E extends through a suitable aperture in a plate g2, constituting the bottom ot' the exhaust-chamber F', and forming, as shown, part of a frame F2, extending upwardly from the bed of the machine. Below the plate g2 the sleeve E has keyed upon it a bevel gear-wheel G. The bevely gear-wheels G G mesh with another bevel gear-wheel G2, mounted upon a shaft G4, extending at approximate right angles to the shaft C and journaled in suitable bearings on the top of the machine. The gear-wheel G on the shaft C meshes .with the geamvheel Gs at the lower part of the latter, vand the ygearwheel G meshes with the gear-wheel G3 at the upper part of the latter. It is evident, therefore, that as the gear-wheels G G rotate in reverse directions they will. operate in conjunction to rotate the wheel G2. On the shaft Gr4 is keyed a driving-pulley G5. The portions B B of the shell are provided with circumferential flanges g5. Bolts g, passing through suitable apertures in these flanges and in the bed of the machine, secure the portions B B together and to the bed. I have f shown sleeves g7 surrounding the bolts g6 and extending between the flange gi on the portion B of the shell and the plate g2 on the frame F2.

Explosions are caused in the explosionchamber by the admixture of certain gases and atmospheric air.v These gases may be oxygen and hydrogen.

J J designate inlet-pipes for the gases. Oxygen may enter through one of these pipes and hydrogen through the other under any desired pressure and supplied from any suitable source. The pipes J J communicate with gas-passages j, extending' horizontally through the walls of gas-chambers K, formed in projecting portions J2, constituting parts of the portion B of theshell. Valves J3 are arranged in the *projecting portions J2'and control the admission of gas to the gas-chambers K. 'lhe valves are seated, as shown, at the lower ends ot' metallic tubes y2, secured gastight in suitable vertically extending apertures on the projecting portions J2. The outer ends of thevtubesj2 are closed by suitable stufng-boxes, through which valve-rods t73 for the valves extend. The tubes l7'2 are provided with suitable apertures in their sides, which register with the gas-passages j. The tubes .7'2 are of such length that they inclose a considerable space between the valves and their upper ends. Into these spaces the gas iirst enters. The valves are maintained normally against their seats by coil-springs'y, as shown, surrounding the valve-rods f above the plate A2. These springs abut at one of their ends against nuts jf on the rods and at their other ends against the plate A2. The valve-rods 72 are intermittently moved longitudinally, and the valves are therefore inter. mittentlymoved away from their seats to admittentmovement is imparted to the valverods by means of cams Z, rigidly mounted upon shafts L, j ournaled in the plate A2 and bearing at their upper ends gear-wheels L. These gear-wheels mesh with and derive motion from the gear-wheel c. eter of the gear-wheel c' is such that every two complete rotations of the main shaft will cause a single rotation ofthe gear-wheels L' and consequently of the shafts L. The cams l are so constructed that at each rotation of the shafts L they will be brought to bear during about one-quarter of the time of their rotation upon toes or projections Z upon the valve-rods js. By this means the valve-rods are moved downwardly and the valves away from their seats, whereby gas is admitted to the gaschambers.

I prefer to measure the quantity of gas to be admitted to the explosion-chamber. For this purpose I employ measuring apparatus, consisting in this example of my improvement of rotary conical plugs O. These plugs are secured to tho lower ends of the shafts'L and rotate therewith. They extend through suitable apertures in the projections J2 on the portions B of the shell and are gas-tight in said apertures. As shown, they extend wholly through the projections J2. Each ofthe plugs O has formed in it horizontally-extendingrecesses n. These recesses are so arranged that as the plugs are rotated they will alternately open into the gas-chambers K and into gaspassages s, constituting portions of the explosion-chamber A. Each time the recesses n are caused to open into the gas-chambers K the recesses become filled with gas, and each time the recesses are caused to open into the explosion-chamber the gas in the recesses is discharged into the explosion-cham- As shown, the diamy .mit gas to the gas-chambers K. This inter- IOC v IIO 441.696 l v i 3.

ber. Uniform quantities of gas are thereby delivered into the explosion-chamber. There is at no time any direct communication between the chambers K and A. .v

P designates the cylinder of an air-pump. This cylinder is secured, as shown, to one of the bolts g5. lVithin the shell is a piston P', which maybe of the usual construction. This piston derives motion from a piston-rod P2, pivotally connected to a crank P3, mounted on a shaft P4, deriving motion from a gear` wheel P5, meshing with a gear-wheel P6,

- mounted upon the shaft G4. Y

AP7 designates an in wardly-opening springactuated valve admitting air,when the piston is drawn downwardly, to the interior of the cylinder P. When the piston is raised, this valve is closed and the air in the cylinder is forced out through a pipe PB, communicating with the cylinder and a valve-chamber P9, secured upon and extending through the portion B of the shell in such manner as to communicate with the eXplosionchamber. A spring-actuated valve P10 is arranged to normally close the inner end of the valve-chamber P9. The valve P10 is forced outwardly to admit air to the explosion-chamber by pressure from the air-pump. The operations of the pump and the rotations of the plugs O are so timed that air will be admitted to the chamber somewhat in advance of the gas.

In order to facilitate the s tanting of the engine, I may cause an electric spark Within the explosion-chamber, it' desired. I have shown wires w extending into said chamberand connected to opposite poles of an electric battery T. The wires may be provided with any suitable sparking device within the chamber. I have shown a circuit-closer w arranged in one of the wires. This circuit-closer when closed will cause an electric spark within the chamber.

I do not herein wish to be limited to the use of but two motor-wheels, as I may obviously use more than two, and they may be arranged in different relations to the eXplosion-chamber.

That I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a motor, the combination,with an explosion-chamber, of a yielding end therefor controlled by a spring, a main shaft, and a wheel rigidly mounted on said shaft provided with blades or buckets an d receiving the force of the explosions in said chamber, substantially as specified.

2. In a motor, the combination,with an eX- plosion-chamber, of a main shaft, an outletnozzle therefrom provided with passages arranged at transverse angles to the axis of the nozzle, a wheel rigidly mounted on said shaft and provided with blades or buckets, said blades or buckets extending longitudinally in a reverse direction to the passages in the outlet-nozzle, and oppositely-rotating gear-wheels on the main shaft meshing with a gear-wheel on another shaft, substantially as speciled.

3. In a motor, the combination, with a combustion-chamber, of a main shaft, a wheel rigidly mounted on said shaft and provided with blades or buckets, a sleeve surrounding said shaft, a wheel mounted onh said sleeve and provided with blades or buckets, a gearwheel on the said shaft, a gear-wheel on the sleeve, and a third gear-wheel on a second shaft-meshing with the gear-wheels on the f main shaft and sleeves, substantially as specified.

4. Ina motor, the combination,with an explosion-chamber, of' amain shaft, a wheel rigidly mounted on said main shaft and provided with spirally-extending blades or buckets, a sleeve surrounding said main shaft, a wheel mounted on said sleeve and provided with blades or buckets extending spirally in a reverse direction to the blades or buckets on the wheel on the main shaft, a gear-wheel on said shaft, a gear-wheel on the sleeve, and a third gear-wheel on a second shaft meshing withithel gear-wheels on the main shaft and sleeve, substantially as specied.

5. In a motor, the combination, with an eX- plosion-chamber, of a main shaft, a gas chamber, a measuring apparatus for the gas, consisting of a recessed rotary plug, an airpump for supplying air to the explosionchamber, and mechanism, substantially such as described, for admitting air to the exploated by the main shaft to cause the operation of the measuring apparatus alternately, substantially as specified.

' JOHN A. PEER. Vitnesses:

JAMES D. GRIswoLD,

D. H. DRIsooLL.

YI x o mitted to these chambers, and gearing oper- 

